Background: The measurement of plasma thyroglobulin (Tg) is widely used in the monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer (CDT). In recent years, its value as a prognostic marker prior to ablation with radioiodine has increased, demonstrating its high negative predictive value. Recent studies indicate that a wide variety of factors could potentially influence pre-ablative Tg values, including residual tumor burden and stimulation modality. Aim: To relate the value of pre-ablative Tg with the amount of preoperative disease burden, lymph node metastases, treatment, and presence of residual disease. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study of 70 patients with CDT treated between 2012 and 2018. The amount of disease burden was defined as the sum of largest diameter of individual tumors in each patient, and as the individually largest tumor per patient and number of metastatic lymph nodes. Results: A smaller tumor size and absence of remnant tissue was associated with lower Tg values, although the association was not always significant. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between Tg levels measured within or more than 14 days after the surgical procedure. Thus, an early measurement of pTg after surgery would allow an initial therapeutic decision making. Conclusions: A statistical association between pre-ablative Tg levels and the amount of preoperative tumor tissue burden was found in some subgroups of patients.

RESUMEN Se evaluó a través de la recopilación y análisis de la información primaria, la importancia de los biomarcadores conductuales, fisiológicos y sus efectos en la producción lechera de bovinos doble propósito. Se analizó la base de datos que mantiene la Universidad de la Amazonia, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y SCIELO, usando las palabras clave: bienestar animal, etología y comportamiento bovino. Se observó que las actividades a las que son sometidas las vacas en producción lechera conllevan un estrés inevitable para el animal debido a las condiciones mismas del sistema, afectando negativamente la producción, específicamente la cantidad y calidad de leche producida (Solidos totales, grasas y proteínas). Un mayor conocimiento en lo que se refiere a bienestar animal contribuirá al mejor entendimiento de la conducta del ganado doble propósito en producción lechera, sometido a diferentes condiciones de manejo. En este sentido la etología se convierte en una herramienta poderosa que ayuda a comprender cómo perciben estos animales su entorno.

ABSTRACT The importance of behavioral and physiological biomarkers and their effects on the dairy production of dual purpose cattle was evaluated through the collection and analysis of the primary information. The database maintained by the University of the Amazon, the National University of Colombia, and SCIELO, was analyzed using the keywords: animal welfare, ethology and bovine behavior. It was observed that the activities to which the cows are subjected in dairy production lead to an inevitable stress for the animal due to the conditions of the system, negatively affecting the production, specifically the quantity and quality of milk produced (Total solids, fats and proteins). Greater knowledge regarding animal welfare will contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of dual purpose cattle in dairy production, subject to different management conditions. In this sense, ethology becomes a powerful tool that helps to understand how these animals perceive their environment.

La rosácea es una dermatosis crónica de origen desconocido, principalmente localizada en la cara, caracterizada por episodios de: rubefacción, edema, enrojecimiento con aparición de pápulas, pústulas, telangiectasis y fibrosis. El rinofima representa la etapa avanzada de la rosácea, mostrando una hiperplasia e hipertrofia de las glándulas sebáceas a nivel nasal, con apariencia engrosada e irregular, lobulada de coloración rojo-púrpura con presencia de poros dilatados. Se han propuesto varios factores: genéticos, luz solar, calor, frío, esteroides, consumo de alcohol (no demostrado) presencia de Helicobacter pylori, infecciosos y seborreicos. También puede representar una reacción de hipersensibilidad al ácaro Demodex folliculorum. Para su tratamiento se utiliza: antibióticos, retinoides, crioterapia, radioterapia, escisión tangencial y escisión de espesor completo con cierre directo, con o sin injertos de piel. En los casos de rinofima con grandes tumoraciones y compromiso de las vías aéreas, la mejor elección de tratamiento es quirúrgico.

Rosacea is a chronic skin disease of unknown origin, mainly located on the face, characterized by episodes of flushing, edema, redness with papules, pustules, telangiectasia and fibrosis.The rhinophyma represents the advanced stage of rosacea, showing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands on the nose, with thickened, irregular, lobed appearance, red-purple color and dilated pores. Several factors have been proposed, like:genetic, sunlight, heat, cold, steroids, alcohol consumption (not shown), and the presence of Helicobacter pylori, infections and seborrhea factors. It may also represent a hypersensitivity reaction to Demodex folliculorum acarus. Antibiotics, retinoids, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, tangential excision and full-thickness excision with direct closure with or without skin grafts are used for it treatment. The best choice of treatment is surgical in rinophyma patients with big tumors that compromise the airways.

El presente trabajo propone, primero que todo, una periodización de los ciento cincuenta años de historia de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional en Bogotá, antecedida de una corta introducción referente al origen de la institución. Luego de una muy breve referencia a los dos primeros períodos de historia de la facultad, se entra en algún detalle sobre el período de mayor auge de la Facultad de Ingeniería, 1910-1935, mostrando los diferentes aspectos en que se manifiesta la particularidad de esta etapa de su vida. El período 1935-1970, en el cual se moderniza la ya centenaria institución, es tratado también con cierta extensión. Finalmente se muestra cómo, entre 1970 y 2011, se logra que la facultad entre con fuerza en el campo de la investigación de temas de punta tecnológicos y se integre cada vez más firmemente en el campo internacional.

This document gives an overview of the 150 yearold history of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's School of Engineering in Bogotá; this is preceded by a short introduction concerning the institution's origin. Brief reference is made to the first two stages of the School's development and then a more detailed description is given about the Engineering Faculty's boom years (1910-1935), highlighting specific aspects of its growth during this particular stage of development. The period when the centuryold institution became modernised (1935-1970) is then shown. A description is given of how the school began research into cuttingedge technological topics (1970 to 2011) and how it has ventured onto the international scene and continues to do so.

O ambiente de alojamento de instalações para reprodutores suínos tem influência direta no desempenho dos animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar um padrão de avaliação dos ambientes térmicos, aéreo e acústico em instalações para reprodutores de suínos (cachaços), de maneira que pudesse prover os animais de bem-estar. O experimento foi realizado em granja comercial localizada no município de Salto -SP. Foram levantados os dados de ambiências térmica, aérea e acústica do ambiente de criação, sendo analisados estatisticamente, tendo como base a condição de ambiência ideal para proporcionar bem-estar animal. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura ambiente ficou cerca de 70% fora da normalidade, enquanto a umidade relativa do ar, a velocidade do ar e a concentração de gases estavam dentro da normalidade. Os dados de nível de ruídos, além de estarem dentro da faixa ideal, não apresentam variações muito altas. Com relação à análise feita utilizando lógica fuzzy, foi possível elaborar um cenário que indicou que os melhores índices de bem-estar para reprodutores suínos ocorrem quando o índice de conforto térmico se aproxima de 80%, e quando o nível de ruído é menor do que 40 dB. Em contrapartida, os piores índices de bem-estar ocorrem no setor em que os valores de conforto térmico são menores que 40%, ao mesmo tempo em que o nível de ruído seja maior que 80 dB, promovendo condições inadequadas ao animal e podendo interferir diretamente no desempenho do sistema reprodutivo.

The swine breeder rearing environment directly affects the animal's performance. This research had the objective of developing a thermal, aerial and acoustic environmental evaluation pattern for boar housing. The experiment was carried on a commercial swine farm in Salto County -SP, Brazil. Thermal, aerial and acoustic environment data of rearing conditions were registered. Data were statistically analyzed using as threshold the ideal housing environment that leads to animal welfare. Results showed that ambient temperature was around 70% beyond normal range, while air relative humidity, air speed and gases concentration were within threshold values. Noise level data besides being within normal range did not present large variation. In relation to the fuzzy logic analysis it was possible to build up a scenario which indicated that the best welfare indexes to male swine breeders happens when thermal comfort index are close to 80%, and noise level is lower than 40 dB. In the other hand the worst welfare index occur in the sector where the thermal comfort values are below 40% at the same time that the noise level is higher than 80 dB leading to inadequate conditions to the animal, and may directly interfere in the reproduction system performance.

The study investigates the presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the permanent teeth among Chilean individuals. Mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters were measured in the teeth of 150 patients between 18 and 24 years old, 67 males and 83 females (excluded were third molars and pieces with large cavities and fillings). The largest were found in males; the differences in mean bucolingual diameters with p<0.05 were observed in pieces 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.5; and with p <0.01, the relevant pieces were to 4.4 and 4.7. With regard to mesiodistal dimensions, the only significant difference p <0.05 was found in piece 1.2. These results show that sexual dimorphism can be found in all group teeth.

Se investiga la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de las piezas dentarias permanentes, en individuos chilenos. Se midieron los diámetros mesiodistales y buco linguales de las piezas dentarias de 150 pacientes, de entre 18 y 24 años de edad, 67 hombres y 83 mujeres, se excluyeron los terceros molares y las piezas con caries y obturaciones extensas. Las mayores dimensiones se encontraron en hombres, diferencias significativas en los diámetros bucolinguales con p<0.05 resultaron en las piezas 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6, 3.3, 4.1,4.2 y 4.5 y con p<0.01 para las piezas 4.4 y 4.7. Con respecto a las dimensiones mesiodistales, la única diferencia significativa con p<0.05 se encontró en la pieza 1.2. Estos resultados muestran que es posible encontrar dimorfismo sexual en todos los grupos dentarios.

Se presenta un modelo matemático que describe los fenómenos de combustión en un horno de cubilote. La construcción del modelo se realizó con base en las reacciones heterogéneas coquegas más importantes; es decir, la reacción de combustión, la gasificación por CO2 y la gasificación por vapor de agua. Se usó el programa Matlab versión 5.3 y los resultados de la simulación se compararon con los datos experimentales obtenidos en el horno de cubilote de la planta ecoeficiente de la Universidad de Antioquia. El modelo proporciona los perfiles de composición de los gases en la columna del horno, la composición de los gases en chimenea y la velocidad de carga del metal durante la operación. Las desviaciones máximas obtenidas con el modelo fueron menores de 1% para CO2, 5% para CO, 7% para la relación de combustión y 9% para la velocidad de carga del metal.

A mathematical model of the combustion phenomena occurring in a cupola furnace is presented. The most important heterogeneous cokegas reactions: combustion, CO2 gasification and steam gasification were used for modelling and Matlab (version 5.3) was used to solve said model. Results were compared with experimental data obtained in the cupola furnace of the ecoefficient plant at the University of Antioquia. The model evaluates composition profiles along the furnace column, composition of gases at the chimney and velocity at which metal is fed during this operation. Maximum deviations within 1% for CO2, 5% for CO, 7% for combustion ratio, and 9% for velocity of metal charge were obtained with the model.